Unraveling the Mystery of Dynamic Friction at the Atomic Level
They were formed on the Moon more than three billion years ago, brought back to the Earth about 50 years ago, and recently arrived on the campus of the University of Bayreuth: samples of Moon rocks collected by NASA Apollo missions 16 and 17. The US national space agency has made them available to the Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI) of the University of Bayreuth for scientific investigations.
Sensors in electronic devices work with high-frequency signals. For maximum accuracy in the measurements, the parametric amplification effect is used. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) are investigating how this effect can significantly expand the functionality of sensors. Possible applications include improved location positioning with microelectromechanical sensors like those used in smartphones.
Due to the special way they function, quantum computers will be capable of breaking current encryption methods. A competition initiated by the US federal agency NIST aims to change this. It is seeking algorithms that will successfully resist cyber attacks from quantum computers. However, it has become evident that it will be far from simple to develop suitable cryptographic schemes. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have submitted two proposals to the NIST competition. They feel optimistic about their results.
Physicists at the University of Würzburg have succeeded in making a new imaging technique ready for use on humans. Radioactive markers and radiation are not necessary for this.
Physicists at the University of Regensburg (UR) led by the research groups of Professor Dr. Christoph Strunk / Dr. Nicola Paradiso and Professor Dr. Jaroslav Fabian made an exciting discovery: In their publication just published in Nature Nanotechnology, the research teams experimentally demonstrate a dramatic sign change of the supercurrent diode effect. The corresponding experimental data are in quantitative agreement with the theory of Dr. Andreas Costa, also physicist at the University of Regensburg.
Living organisms, ecosystems and the planet Earth are, from a physics point of view, examples of extraordinarily large and complex systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. To physically describe non-equilibrium systems, dynamic density functional theory has been used to date. However, this theory has weaknesses, as physicists from the University of Bayreuth have now shown in the "Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter". Power functional theory proves to perform substantially better: In combination with artificial intelligence methods, it enables more reliable descriptions and predictions of the dynamics of non-equilibrium systems over time.
The Collaborative Research Centre ToCoTronics in condensed matter physics will be extended for four more years. The German Research Foundation is funding it with 12 million euros.
The German Research Foundation (DFG) is funding a new Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) at the University of Bayreuth. The interdisciplinary research of nanostructured functional materials is expected to revolutionise the performance of batteries, solar cells, fuel cells and photocatalysts, thereby opening new perspectives for a sustainable energy economy. The starting point for material-based innovations is a holistic view of the transport of electrons, ions, molecules and heat, and their interactions in the materials. The new CRC 1585 "MultiTrans" will receive a total of around 11 million euros from the DFG over the next four years.
A team of physicists watches electrons getting dressed with light
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