Imaging techniques enable a detailed look inside an organism. But interpreting the data is time-consuming and requires a great deal of experience. Artificial neural networks open up new possibilities: They require just seconds to interpret whole-body scans of mice and to segment and depict the organs in colors, instead of in various shades of gray. This facilitates the analysis considerably.
Hydrogen exists as a gaseous compound of two hydrogen atoms (H2). Under normal laboratory conditions, H2 occurs in the variants "ortho hydrogen" and "para hydrogen". Until now, it has been unclear how these variants behave under very high pressure. Researchers at the University of Bayreuth have now found the answer. Both ortho- and para-hydrogen become unstable under high pressure and cease to exist as distinguishable states. The research results presented in Nature Communication extend our physical understanding of fundamental quantum mechanical processes.
More than half of the matter in our Universe has so far eluded our view. Astrophysicists have predicted however where it might be: in so-called filaments, unimaginably long structures made of hot gas that surround and connect galaxies and galaxy clusters. These filaments of hot gas in the computer simulations by Dr. Veronica Biffi and PD Dr. Klaus Dolag at the ORIGINS Cluster of Excellence are strikingly similar in their structure to the 50 million light years long filament which has now been observed for the first time by a team led by the University of Bonn using the eROSITA space telescope.
A team of researchers from the Technical University of Munich (TUM), the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim have discovered an exciting method for controlling spin carried by quantized spin wave excitations in antiferromagnetic insulators.
An international team of researchers, including researchers from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) headed by Prof. Dr. Dirk M. Guldi, have now managed to identify the fundamental problems relating to the photophysics and photochemistry of carbon nanocolloids (CNC), and ascertain possible approaches for research into these readily available, non-toxic and adaptable nanomaterials.
Researchers at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland and other institutions in Paris, Hamburg and Basel, have succeeded in setting a new record in X-ray microscopy. With improved diffractive lenses and more precise sample positioning, they were able to achieve spatial resolution in the single-digit nanometre scale. This new dimension in direct imaging could provide significant impulses for research into nanostructures and further advance the development of solar cells and new types of magnetic data storage.
The positively charged protons in atomic nuclei should actually repel each other, and yet even heavy nuclei with many protons and neutrons stick together. The so-called strong interaction is responsible for this. Prof. Laura Fabbietti and her research group at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have now developed a method to precisely measure the strong interaction utilizing particle collisions in the ALICE experiment at CERN in Geneva.
The German Research Foundation (DFG) has approved three new Collaborative Research Centres/Transregios (CRC/TRR) at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU). The aim of CRC/TRR 305 is to understand the molecular mechanisms behind how metastases form and to develop new treatments for cancer metastases on this basis. In CRC/TRR 306, researchers will be investigating the collective behaviour of quantum systems. In the CRC ‘CLINT’, scientists will pursue a ground-breaking new approach in chemical reaction engineering to create technical catalysts with new properties.
The Borexino experiment research team has succeeded in detecting neutrinos from the sun's second fusion process, the Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen cycle (CNO cycle) for the first time. This means that all of the theoretical predictions on how energy is generated within the sun have now also been experimentally verified. The findings are the result of years of efforts devoted to bringing the background sources in the energy range of the CNO neutrinos under control.
"It would be a huge success if metallic knitted fabrics which are developed and produced in Münchberg would be used in space," says Prof. Dr. Frank Ficker, head of the the Application Center Textile Fiber Ceramics (TFK) at Hof University of Applied Sciences. The Hof University of Applied Sciences and the TFK Münchberg have developed a process, together with the companies HPS GmbH and Iprotex GmbH & Co. KG, which makes it is possible to create large-area metal mesh with wires in a thickness range of a few micrometers on industrial scale.
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